Intervenções não farmacológicas na prevenção do delirium em doentes internados na unidade de cuidados intensivos: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Background: In the Intensive Care Unit, delirium is recognized as a health issue with a long term impact, not only for the patient, but also for the Health Service itself because of its financial charges. This is why nurses assume such a major role in the implementation of the delirium preventive ways. Objective: This study was conducted to Identify the recommendations for non-pharmacological interventions the prevention of delirium in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in the scientific literature. Methods: A review was held in January 2022, in 11 based on the electronic data, based on the research question "what are the recommendations in the scientific evidence regarding non-pharmacological preventive interventions for delirium in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit? The research and documentation were carried out in accordance with the PRISMA methodology. Results: As a result, we obtained 11 articles. The prevention of the delirium is associated to measures that are categorized in this study, in seven areas: communication; visual stimulation; hearing stimulation; cognitive stimulation; nocturnal sleep preservation; early mobilization and family inclusion in the care process, which can reduce effectively the occurrence of this pathology, and, with this, improve clinic results. Conclusions: From the seven representative categories of non-pharmacological intervention for the prevention of delirium resulting from this review, we highlight two: night sleep preservation and hearing stimulation. The interventions identified in this study had shown in its majority to be effective, being therefore, of great relevance for the practical clinic.